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Research summary · AI summary · not yet reviewedHuman studyObservationalPeer review unconfirmed
Human Study on Serum Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis Progression
In a study with 135 patients, the presence of paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) at baseline was linked to higher CHI3L1 levels. Moreover, a doubling of serum galectin-3 and CHI3L2 levels indicated an increased risk of progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA).
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- #Biomarkers
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This plain-English summary was written by AI from a published abstract and may contain errors. It is not medical advice. Read the original study and talk to your MS team before making decisions about treatment.
- Human efficacy
- Not yet assessed
- Mechanism
- Not yet assessed
- Evidence strength
- Not yet assessed
- Outcome
- Not yet assessed
Why it matters
These findings highlight the potential role of glial-related biomarkers in assessing MS progression, which could improve prognosis and management strategies for patients.
What this does not prove
The findings need validation in independent cohorts to confirm the biomarkers' predictive value.
Next milestone
No next milestone was established from the available source.
Study facts
- Study design
- Observational
- Participants / samples
- 135 · included 135 patients
- Randomised
- Not reported
- Controlled
- Not reported
- Primary endpoint met
- Yes
- Relevant MS type
- Not reported
- Publication date
- 2026-10-14
- Evidence reviewed
- Abstract only
- Regulatory approval
- Not reported
- Research areas
- Biomarkers
Original sources
- Primary evidenceSerum Glial-Related Biomarkers Show Distinct Contributions to Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes in Early Multiple Sclerosis. ↗DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200663
Supporting passages (11)
study designRESULTS: We included 135 patients (median age, 34.4 [interquartile range (IQR) 29.2-41.7] years; 98 [72.6%] women; median follow-up, 5.4 [IQR 2.7-9.4] years).
subjectsRESULTS: We included 135 patients (median age, 34.4 [interquartile range (IQR) 29.2-41.7] years; 98 [72.6%] women; median follow-up, 5.4 [IQR 2.7-9.4] years).
sample sizeincluded 135 patients
sample size basisRESULTS: We included 135 patients (median age, 34.4 [interquartile range (IQR) 29.2-41.7] years; 98 [72.6%] women; median follow-up, 5.4 [IQR 2.7-9.4] years).
primary endpoint metDoubling of serum galectin-3 levels was associated with an increased risk of PIRA in univariable (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.76; 95% CI 1.06-2.94; p = 0.02) and multivariable analyses (HR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.22-3.80; p = 0.008).
research categoriesDISCUSSION: These findings suggest distinct contributions of glial-related biomarkers to radiologic and clinical outcomes in early multiple sclerosis.
publication datePublication date: 2026-10-14
primary endpointBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between serum levels of glial-related biomarkers, including glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma B (GPNMB), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), galectin-3, serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 3 (SERPINA3), chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT1), and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and 2 (CHI3L2), and the presence of paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) and the risk of progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) in patients with a first demyelinating event.
follow upmedian follow-up, 5.4 [IQR 2.7-9.4] years
findingsThe presence of ≥1 PRLs at baseline was associated with increased levels of CHI3L1 in univariable (multiplicative effect [ME] = 1.32; 95% CI 1.10-1.58; p = 0.003) and multivariable analyses (ME = 1.31; 95% CI 1.05-1.63; p = 0.01).
limitationsValidation in independent cohorts will be required before their value as blood prognostic biomarkers can be established.
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