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Role of Regulatory CD56bright NK Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
A systematic review of 135 human studies found that in multiple sclerosis, an increase in regulatory CD56bright NK cells is associated with clinical success, while Group 3 ILCs may contribute to the formation of abnormal lymphoid structures in the brain.
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This plain-English summary was written by AI from a published abstract and may contain errors. It is not medical advice. Read the original study and talk to your MS team before making decisions about treatment.
Why it matters
These findings suggest that certain immune cells play significant roles in disease progression and may inform future research on therapeutic strategies targeting these cells in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune conditions.
What this does not prove
The study's findings showed heterogeneity, necessitating further research to clarify the role of ILCs and address inconsistencies among studies.
Next milestone
No next milestone was established from the available source.
Study facts
- Study design
- Systematic review
- Participants / samples
- 135 · Final included studies after evaluation
- Randomised
- Not reported
- Controlled
- Not reported
- Primary endpoint met
- Not reported
- Relevant MS type
- Not reported
- Publication date
- 2026-09-30
- Evidence reviewed
- Abstract only
- Regulatory approval
- Not reported
- Research areas
- Other
Original sources
- Primary evidenceThe Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Autoimmune, Allergic and Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review. ↗DOI: 10.1111/imm.70202
Supporting passages (9)
study designThis systematic review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, synthesises human clinical evidence on ILCs in autoimmune, allergic and infectious diseases.
subjectsFindings were heterogeneous, with the most consistent evidence demonstrating: (i) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a plasticity-driven shift from protective IL-22+ ILC3s to pathogenic IFN-γ+ ILC1s compromises mucosal barrier integrity; (ii) in multiple sclerosis, enrichment of regulatory CD56bright NK cells marks clinical success, while Group 3 ILCs are implicated in meningeal ectopic lymphoid neogenesis; (iii) in systemic lupus erythematosus, expanded IFN-γ+ ILC1s correlate with disease severity and amplify pathogenic Type I interferon responses; and (iv) in allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis), activated ILC2s drive self-perpetuating inflammatory circuits and tissue remodelling.
sample sizeFrom 2545 initial records, 170 were selected for full-text evaluation and 135 were ultimately included.
sample size basisFrom 2545 initial records, 170 were selected for full-text evaluation and 135 were ultimately included.
peer reviewedRelevant peer-reviewed articles published up to December 2025 were identified across major databases.
research categoriesFuture studies should address potential sources of heterogeneity and establish a consensus regarding the role of ILCs in disease pathogenesis to enhance their potential as targets for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
publication datePublication date: 2026-09-30
findingsFindings were heterogeneous, with the most consistent evidence demonstrating: (i) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a plasticity-driven shift from protective IL-22+ ILC3s to pathogenic IFN-γ+ ILC1s compromises mucosal barrier integrity; (ii) in multiple sclerosis, enrichment of regulatory CD56bright NK cells marks clinical success, while Group 3 ILCs are implicated in meningeal ectopic lymphoid neogenesis; (iii) in systemic lupus erythematosus, expanded IFN-γ+ ILC1s correlate with disease severity and amplify pathogenic Type I interferon responses; and (iv) in allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis), activated ILC2s drive self-perpetuating inflammatory circuits and tissue remodelling.
limitationsTitle: The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Autoimmune, Allergic and Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review.
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